1.1 SelfFocusing Lens
A selffocusing lens is an optical element with focusing and imaging capabilities. Its refractive index gradually changes along the radial direction, which allows it to be widely used in various microoptical systems.
1.2 Characteristics of SelfFocusing Lenses
Selffocusing lenses achieve continuous refraction of light within the lens by having a refractive index that decreases gradually along the radial direction. This characteristic sets them apart from traditional lenses, which rely on the curvature of the lens surface to converge light rays.
1.3 Light Propagation in Different Pitch SelfFocusing Lenses
1.4 Key Parameters of SelfFocusing Lenses
Pitch (P): The length of one full sine wave cycle of a light beam traveling along a sine path.
Lens Length (Z): The distance between the central axes of both ends of the lens.
Refractive Index Gradient Constant (√A): The constant that describes the distribution of the refractive index along the radial direction.
Principles of SelfFocusing Lenses
Selffocusing lenses have endface focusing, collimation, and imaging characteristics, making them highly functional in various optical systems.
2.1 Focusing and Collimation
Focusing: For a 1/4 pitch selffocusing lens, parallel light entering from one end will focus at the other end.
Collimation: The inverse application of the focusing function; convergent light entering from one end will become parallel after passing through the lens.
Applications: Used in passive fiber optic components such as collimators, couplers, optical isolators, optical switches, and wavelength division multiplexers.
2.2 Coupling and Focusing
Selffocusing lenses can efficiently connect and convert optical energy, making them widely used in coupling between optical fibers and light sources, optical fibers and photodetectors, and between optical fibers.
2.3 Imaging
Single Lens Imaging: A P/2 pitch selffocusing lens has an endface imaging function, used for image relay transmission in microscopic imaging systems.
MultiLens Imaging: Utilized in medical endoscopes and industrial borescopes as objective lenses and relay lenses.
Performance of SelfFocusing Lenses
3.1 Performance Indicators
3.2 Lens Surface Quality
The lens surface should be free of noticeable defects when observed under a 20x magnifier.
3.3 Standard Lens Parameters
Numerical Aperture (N.A.): 0.46, 0.60
Diameter: 1.0mm, 1.8mm, 3.0mm
Pitch (P): 0.23, 0.25, 0.29, etc.
Wavelength: 630nm, 780nm, 830nm, 1060nm, 1310nm, 1550nm, 980/1550nm, 1250~1650nm
3.4 Lens End Face Angling
Angling the lens end face can effectively reduce surface reflections. Options include singleend and doubleend treatments.
3.5 Coating
Antireflection coatings on the lens end face can reduce optical energy loss and protect the lens surface from moisture, chemical reactions, and physical damage.
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